The Reserve Bank's moving to loosen loan-to-value ratio (LVR) restrictions on banks' home lending.
This was announced by Deputy Governor and Head of Financial Stability Christian Hawkesby on Wednesday and comes ahead of the release of the central bank's latest six-monthly Financial Stability report next week (May 3).
"Our assessment is that the risks to financial stability posed by high-LVR lending have reduced to a level where the current restrictions may be unnecessarily reducing efficiency. In particular, impeding the provision of credit to some otherwise creditworthy borrowers, which is not proportionate to the level of risk that we see," he said.
The loosening (probably taking effect from June 1) means for owner-occupiers that banks will now be able to advance up to 15% of their new lending (up from 10%) to customers borrowing on a loan to value ratio of in excess of 80%.
For investors the currently very tight restriction that they must have 40% deposits to buy will be relaxed to 35%.
Hawkesby said national house prices have fallen towards a level "that is more consistent with medium-term fundamentals".
"As a result, while house prices may continue to fall, the probability of a further large correction in house prices has reduced. Alongside this, lending conditions have tightened significantly as banks’ debt servicing assessments allow for higher interest rates."
As interest.co.nz recently reported the big banks are now stress-testing would-be mortgage customers at rates in excess of 8.5% and in some cases over 9%.
Mortgage borrowing has dried up. According to the latest available RBNZ figures, in the first two months of this year new mortgage borrowing totalled just $6.6 billion, down from $10.4 billion for the same two months last year and $14 billion when the housing market boom was approaching its zenith in 2021. In fact March 2021 saw a record high of nearly $10.5 billion borrowed.
The LVRs were first implemented in this country by the RBNZ in 2013.
In response to the pandemic in early 2020 the RBNZ removed them entirely, only to then announce in late 2020 that they would be reintroduced. This was after the housing market had basically set on fire.
House prices gained something like 40% during the pandemic.
The LVRs were officially reintroduced by the RBNZ in March 2021 and tightened further - to the levels they are currently at - in November of 2021.
The New Zealand housing market peaked in November 2021.
According to REINZ figures the national median price reached $925,000 that month. Since then prices have headed downhill. As of March 2023 REINZ figures, the national median had shrunk to $775,000, which is a drop of 16.2% from its peak.
But it is well worth mentioning that this $775,000 median figure only takes the market back to the February 2021 levels, at which point the market was raging. The national median as of February 2020 was just $640,000.
The RBNZ has been involved in a long, drawn-out process, to add a loan serviceability measure - a debt-to-income restriction - to its 'macro-prudential toolkit', which of course already includes the LVR restrictions. It recently released details of the proposed framework for DTI restrictions.
The central bank has made no commitment to enforce DTI restrictions. Rather it has previously indicated it could have a DTI limiting tool for lenders to use on borrowers taking out home loans ready to go in March 2024. It's still going by this timeline, with the banks therefore getting 12 months to get their systems ready, should they be required. The RBNZ says given the housing market is currently in a downturn, there's no immediate need to implement DTI restrictions.
In releasing the framework for the DTI restrictions the RBNZ said it was "possible we could loosen LVR settings if and when DTI restrictions are in place, while still maintaining our financial stability objectives. This would benefit first-home buyers, since saving for a deposit on a first home can be challenging particularly for those on lower incomes".
The RBNZ had wanted to have a DTI tool in its macro-prudential toolkit since at least 2016 but struggled to secure government support from firstly the National-led government and then the current Labour government due to concerns about the potential impact on first home buyers. It finally gained support from Finance Minister Grant Robertson in June 2021 as the housing market ran rampant.
This is the RBNZ LVR announcement from Wednesday:
The Reserve Bank of New Zealand – Te Pūtea Matua is proposing to ease mortgage loan-to-value ratio (LVR) restrictions.
LVR restrictions promote financial stability by limiting high-risk mortgage lending. This is done with the aim of reducing the impact and severity of housing market corrections by increasing the resilience of the banking system and households.Current LVR settings were put in place November 2021 when risks were elevated. The restrictions built resilience in the financial system, which has been evident in the past year as house prices have fallen without widespread impacts to financial stability.
“Our assessment is that the risks to financial stability posed by high-LVR lending have reduced to a level where the current restrictions may be unnecessarily reducing efficiency. In particular, impeding the provision of credit to some otherwise creditworthy borrowers, which is not proportionate to the level of risk that we see,” Deputy Governor Christian Hawkesby says.
National house prices have fallen towards a level that is more consistent with medium-term fundamentals. As a result, while house prices may continue to fall, the probability of a further large correction in house prices has reduced. Alongside this, lending conditions have tightened significantly as banks’ debt servicing assessments allow for higher interest rates.
Restrictions on high-LVR residential mortgage lending set a ‘speed limit’ on how much new low-deposit lending banks can do. We are proposing to ease LVR restrictions with effect from 1 June 2023, from:
- 10% limit for loans with LVR above 80% for owner occupiers, and
- 5% limit for loans with LVR above 60% for investors.
To:
- 15% limit for loans with LVR above 80% for owner occupiers, and
- 5% limit for loans with LVR above 65% for investors.
We are consulting on the implementation of this proposal over the next two weeks with registered banks. The change, if effected, will be made via a change in banks’ Conditions of Registration. Members of the public wishing to provide feedback on the proposal can do so by emailing rbnz-info@rbnz.govt.
nz. Our May 2023 Financial Stability Report will detail our latest assessment of the current and emerging risks to the financial system.
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