By Greg Ninness
The generation of home owners who purchased their first home 10 years ago should now be in a strong financial position and well placed to move up the property ladder and buy their next home.
Perhaps surprisingly, that applies almost as much to homeowners who purchased their first home with just a 10% deposit, as it does to those who had a 20% deposit.
A combination of high capital gains on housing throughout the country over the last 10 years should have allowed first home buyers to build up a significant chunk of equity which could be put towards a substantial deposit on a better quality home.
And the steep decline in mortgage interest rates that occurred over the same period means the mortgage payments on a next level home should be extremely affordable.
In short, people who took the plunge and bought a starter home around 10 years ago, should now be sitting pretty.
Those conclusions are the result of some major new features interest.co.nz has added to its Home Loan Affordability Reports.
The reports have long measured changes in housing affordability for first home buyers in all regions of the country, by tracking the monthly movements in the REINZ’s lower quartile selling prices, mortgage interest rates, and after tax incomes for people aged 25-29, and measuring the impact of those factors on the deposits required to buy a lower quartile-priced home and the affordability of the mortgage payments relative to incomes.
The new features of the report allow us to measure how well first home buyers who purchased their first home 10 years ago would have fared, and whether the traditional kiwi dream of buying a first home and using the equity that’s built up in that to move up onto the next rung of the property ladder is still a realistic goal.
The numbers suggest that those who climbed onto the first rung of the property ladder 10 years ago should now find that second rung well within reach.
Ten years ago in June 2010 the REINZ’s national lower quartile selling price was $253,000.
By June 2020 that had increased to $452,000 (+78.7%), which would have added $199,000 to the equity of the home owner.
If that first home buyer of 10 years ago now wanted to sell their home and use their equity from it as a deposit to purchase another home at the current median selling price, how would that stack up?
Over the last 10 years the increase in the REINZ’s lower quartile and median selling prices have been very similar.
The national lower quartile price has increased by 78.7%, and the national median price by 81.5%, rising from $352,000 in June 2010 to $639,000 in June 2020.
Interest.co.nz estimates that if someone had purchased a home at the national lower quartile price of $253,000 in June 2010 (with a 20% deposit) and sold it at the June 2020 lower quartile price of $452,000, they would have equity of $280,003. That would equate to a 43.8% deposit for a home at the at June 2020 median price of $639,000.
If they had originally purchased the same lower quartile-priced home with a deposit of just 10%, they would have equity of $247,695, equivalent to a 38.8% deposit, still a substantial amount.
The equity calculations take into account the amount of the deposit originally paid to buy the lower quartile-priced home (10% and 20%), the increase in the home’s value over the last 10 years and the principal repayments on the mortgage, which would have reduced the amount payable to the bank at the time of resale.
An allowance has also been made for real estate agent’s commission at the time of sale.
That means a couple who had purchased their lower quartile-priced home with a 20% deposit 10 years ago and sold it at the current lower quartile price, would have $280,000 to use as a 44% deposit on a home at the current median price of $639,000.
So they’d need a $358,997 mortgage.
The mortgage payments on that would be around $338.46 a week assuming a 30 year term at 2.76% (the average of the two year fixed rates offered by the major banks in June.)
The median take home pay for couples aged 35-39 who both work full time is $1942.37 a week, which means the mortgage payments on their median-priced home would take up just 17.4% of their take home pay.
The combination of a near 44% deposit and mortgage payments that were well less than 20% of their net income make it comfortably affordable by almost any measure.
If the same couple had purchased their first home with just a 10% deposit, they would have a 38.8% deposit for their next home and the mortgage payments would take up just 19% of their take home pay, which is still very affordable.
Although the calculations assume a 30 year term for the second rung purchase, the relatively low ratio of mortgage payments to income gives a fair amount of financial flexibility to the buyers, meaning they could choose to reduce the term of their mortgage, make lump sum payments from time to time or build up their savings and investments.
It also gives them a fair amount of wriggle room to restructure their finances if they were to suffer a loss of income or if interest rates rose significantly.
Although there are regional variations in the above figures, the general conclusion that making the move up on to the second rung of the property ladder should be affordable for couples on average incomes who purchased their first home 10 years ago, holds true for all parts of the country.
The two tables below give a regional and district breakdown showing how much equity they would have built up over the last 10 years, how much of a deposit that would give them towards a median-priced home, how much they would need to borrow, and the amount of their repayments in both dollar terms and as a percentage of median income.
The first table assumes they would have originally purchased their first home with a 20% deposit and the second table assumes they would have purchased it with a 10% deposit.
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| Second Rung Home Buyers - 20% | ||||||
| Affordability of a median-priced home, for buyers who purchased a lower quartile-priced home 10 years ago with a 20% deposit | ||||||
| Equity from sale of first home $ | Deposit for median-priced home % | Mortgage required $ | Weekly mortgage payments $ | Median take home pay $ | Affordabilty (% of income) | |
| Region | ||||||
| Northland | $258,219 | 49% | $266,781 | $252 | $1,783 | 14.1% |
| Auckland | $495,523 | 53% | $432,477 | $408 | $2,059 | 19.8% |
| Waikato | $313,700 | 51% | $301,300 | $284 | $1,863 | 15.2% |
| Bay of Plenty | $331,652 | 51% | $316,348 | $298 | $1,555 | 19.2% |
| Hawkes Bay | $262,456 | 46% | $302,545 | $285 | $1,742 | 16.4% |
| Taranaki | $179,167 | 43% | $240,833 | $227 | $1,792 | 12.7% |
| Manawatu/Wanganui | $236,626 | 55% | $190,974 | $180 | $1,792 | 10.0% |
| Wellington | $342,083 | 50% | $342,917 | $323 | $2,137 | 15.1% |
| Nelson/Marlborough | $324,934 | 56% | $255,066 | $240 | $1,770 | 13.6% |
| Canterbury/Westland | $209,402 | 45% | $259,598 | $245 | $1,867 | 13.1% |
| Otago | $289,865 | 53% | $260,135 | $245 | $1,820 | 13.5% |
| Southland | $164,691 | 48% | $175,309 | $165 | $1,754 | 9.4% |
| New Zealand | $280,003 | 44% | $358,997 | $338 | $1,942 | 17.4% |
| City or District | ||||||
| Whangarei | $231,491 | 44.1% | $293,509 | $277 | $1,899 | 14.6% |
| Rodney | $489,567 | 54.2% | $413,434 | $390 | $2,059 | 18.9% |
| Auckland North Shore | $565,305 | 53.3% | $494,695 | $466 | $2,059 | 22.6% |
| Auckland West | $486,493 | 59.7% | $328,507 | $310 | $2,059 | 15.0% |
| Auckland Central | $566,176 | 49.3% | $581,324 | $548 | $2,059 | 26.6% |
| Auckland South | $452,101 | 50.8% | $437,900 | $413 | $2,059 | 20.0% |
| Papakura | $427,379 | 65.3% | $226,622 | $214 | $2,059 | 10.4% |
| Franklin | $411,762 | 55.3% | $333,238 | $314 | $2,059 | 15.3% |
| Hamilton | $362,546 | 54.9% | $297,454 | $280 | $1,857 | 15.1% |
| Tauranga | $404,664 | 56.2% | $315,336 | $297 | $1,804 | 16.5% |
| Rotorua | $260,713 | 54.7% | $216,287 | $204 | $1,851 | 11.0% |
| Gisborne | $205,189 | 46.6% | $234,811 | $221 | $1,620 | 13.7% |
| Napier | $312,218 | 51.2% | $297,782 | $281 | $1,749 | 16.1% |
| Hastings | $255,107 | 45.2% | $309,893 | $292 | $1,742 | 16.8% |
| Wairarapa | $282,375 | 61.4% | $177,625 | $167 | $1,477 | 11.3% |
| New Plymouth | $219,679 | 45.3% | $265,321 | $250 | $1,763 | 14.2% |
| Wanganui | $215,506 | 59.4% | $147,044 | $139 | $1,655 | 8.4% |
| Palmerston North | $274,751 | 53.6% | $238,249 | $225 | $1,898 | 11.8% |
| Kapiti Coast | $341,497 | 54.2% | $288,503 | $272 | $1,909 | 14.3% |
| Porirua | $326,449 | 47.0% | $368,551 | $347 | $2,026 | 17.1% |
| Wellington Hutt | $375,047 | 56.4% | $289,953 | $273 | $2,078 | 13.2% |
| Wellington City | $408,455 | 49.5% | $416,545 | $393 | $2,430 | 16.2% |
| Nelson | $324,903 | 54.0% | $276,597 | $261 | $1,770 | 14.7% |
| Christchurch | $192,524 | 40.1% | $287,476 | $271 | $1,861 | 14.6% |
| Timaru | $188,540 | 50.3% | $186,460 | $176 | $1,703 | 10.3% |
| Queenstown | $534,340 | 58.1% | $385,661 | $364 | $1,820 | 20.0% |
| Dunedin | $297,591 | 58.4% | $212,409 | $200 | $1,702 | 11.8% |
| Invercargill | $185,829 | 53.4% | $162,171 | $153 | $1,671 | 9.2% |
| Second Rung Home Buyers - 10% | ||||||
| Affordability of a median-priced home, for buyers who purchased a lower quartile-priced home 10 years ago with a 10% deposit | ||||||
| Equity from sale of first home | Deposit for median-priced home | Mortgage required | Weekly mortgage payments | Weekly take home pay | Affordability (% of income) | |
| Region | ||||||
| Northland | $231,785 | 44.1% | $293,215 | $276 | $1,783 | 15.5% |
| Auckland | $453,101 | 48.8% | $474,899 | $448 | $2,059 | 21.7% |
| Waikato | $281,775 | 45.8% | $333,225 | $314 | $1,863 | 16.9% |
| Bay of Plenty | $298,450 | 46.1% | $349,550 | $330 | $1,555 | 21.2% |
| Hawkes Bay | $231,808 | 41.0% | $333,193 | $314 | $1,742 | 18.0% |
| Taranaki | $152,350 | 36.3% | $267,650 | $252 | $1,792 | 14.1% |
| Manawatu/Wanganui | $216,705 | 50.7% | $210,895 | $199 | $1,792 | 11.1% |
| Wellington | $305,050 | 44.5% | $379,950 | $358 | $2,137 | 16.8% |
| Nelson/Marlborough | $292,338 | 50.4% | $287,662 | $271 | $1,770 | 15.3% |
| Canterbury/Westland | $177,860 | 37.9% | $291,140 | $274 | $1,867 | 14.7% |
| Otago | $265,985 | 48.4% | $284,015 | $268 | $1,820 | 14.7% |
| Southland | $146,558 | 43.1% | $193,443 | $182 | $1,754 | 10.4% |
| New Zealand | $247,695 | 38.8% | $391,305 | $369 | $1,942 | 19.0% |
| City or District | ||||||
| Whangarei | $195,735 | 37.3% | $329,265 | $310 | $1,899 | 16.3% |
| Rodney | $439,125 | 48.6% | $463,875 | $437 | $2,059 | 21.2% |
| Auckland North Shore | $512,565 | 48.4% | $547,435 | $516 | $2,059 | 25.1% |
| Auckland Central | $523,997 | 45.7% | $623,504 | $588 | $2,059 | 28.5% |
| Auckland West | $446,395 | 54.8% | $368,605 | $348 | $2,059 | 16.9% |
| Auckland South | $411,875 | 46.3% | $478,125 | $451 | $2,059 | 21.9% |
| Papakura | $394,815 | 60.4% | $259,185 | $244 | $2,059 | 11.9% |
| Franklin | $372,175 | 50.0% | $372,825 | $351 | $2,059 | 17.1% |
| Hamilton | $326,752 | 49.5% | $333,249 | $314 | $1,857 | 16.9% |
| Tauranga | $369,598 | 51.3% | $350,402 | $330 | $1,804 | 18.3% |
| Rotorua | $232,300 | 48.7% | $244,700 | $231 | $1,851 | 12.5% |
| Gisborne | $179,164 | 40.7% | $260,836 | $246 | $1,620 | 15.2% |
| Napier | $279,987 | 45.9% | $330,013 | $311 | $1,749 | 17.8% |
| Hastings | $225,634 | 39.9% | $339,366 | $320 | $1,742 | 18.4% |
| Wairarapa | $258,943 | 56.3% | $201,058 | $190 | $1,477 | 12.8% |
| New Plymouth | $187,269 | 38.6% | $297,731 | $281 | $1,763 | 15.9% |
| Whanganui | $198,203 | 54.7% | $164,348 | $155 | $1,655 | 9.4% |
| Palmerston North | $246,747 | 48.1% | $266,254 | $251 | $1,898 | 13.2% |
| Kapiti Coast | $307,338 | 48.8% | $322,663 | $304 | $1,909 | 15.9% |
| Porirua | $279,954 | 40.3% | $415,047 | $391 | $2,026 | 19.3% |
| Wellington Hutt | $344,833 | 51.9% | $320,167 | $302 | $2,078 | 14.5% |
| Wellington City | $357,005 | 43.3% | $467,996 | $441 | $2,430 | 18.2% |
| Nelson | $292,302 | 48.6% | $309,199 | $292 | $1,770 | 16.5% |
| Christchurch | $155,096 | 32.3% | $324,905 | $306 | $1,861 | 16.5% |
| Timaru | $164,660 | 43.9% | $210,340 | $198 | $1,703 | 11.6% |
| Queenstown | $485,175 | 52.7% | $434,825 | $410 | $1,820 | 22.5% |
| Dunedin | $274,312 | 53.8% | $235,689 | $222 | $1,702 | 13.1% |
| Invercargill | $165,780 | 47.6% | $182,220 | $172 | $1,671 | 10.3% |
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