By David Whitburn*
There are a number of market forces that come into play to set rental prices. It is important to set the right rents too. If you charge too much you will have a longer vacancy period or be left not able to rent out your property at all. If you charge too little you will be subsidising your tenants and make it harder to achieve your own financial goals. The drivers of rent are based on the economic laws of supply and demand.
Supply
The supply side of the equation is constrained in our country’s economic hub Auckland, which is where the rents are rising the most. Auckland vacancy rate is just 0.7% at present on residential properties. I make up a portion of this statistic with a West Harbour property undergoing a complete transformation with new kitchen, bathroom, paint, carpet and light fittings, being vacant and off the market currently.
Building consents
I think that Interest.co.nz’s building consent issuance graphs (see interactive chart below) show the undersupply issue brilliantly. If you click the third tab along for Auckland, you can see just how high the building consents where in 2002 – 2006, before heading rapidly down to well under 300 per month (we hit a record low with just 193 issued in the December 2010 calendar month).
In total New Zealand needs over 26,000 building consents to cater for current demand. I need to point out that this figure doesn’t meet everyone’s approval. I got questioned by a guest at one of my company’s quarterly market updates who personally thought that this figure is higher than the 21,000 he thought we need, however I pointed out to him that:
1. many building consents don’t get acted upon owing to issues like being unable to get construction finance, relationship issues, ill health and life getting in the way.
2. many of these consents are for lifestyle homes, bachs and other secondary dwellings.
3. updated or replacement building consents for new dwellings
In any event we only saw 15,602 building consents issued in total for the 2010 calendar year (source: Statistics New Zealand).
Government and Local Government Changes Needed
The supply is kept artificially low by the Resource Management Act (“RMA”) which puts a number of significant hurdles in the way of developers, investors and home-owners alike, and the Local Government Act which with respect many of the councils in New Zealand interpret in their own “special” way. Lets look at minor dwellings, which are small townhouses with a kitchen, bathroom, lounge and 2 or 3 bedrooms capable of being let separately to tenants or housing extended family. Why can’t an owner on Bolton Street in Blockhouse Bay with just over 700 square metres build a minor dwelling, whereas another owner on Bolton Street in New Lynn with less land at just over 600 square metres can build a minor dwelling. This doesn’t make sense to me, yet there are situations like this when the owners are basically neighbours and yet they have different rules applying to them.
The Auckland Council has a lot of work to do and allowing infill housing as Auckland rapidly approaches 1.5 million people needs to happen. Why can’t minor dwellings, self contained flats, sleepouts and secondary units all built to certain minimum standards (ie. building code) to ensure safety and protection to occupiers and future owners.
The Government has a lot of work to do to reign in many of the councils and territorial authorities with their overly cautious approach and interpretation of the Local Government Act, as well as the RMA and Building Act. This will bolster the supply of more houses and units to allow the lid to come off the pressure cooker, which will help rents rise less swiftly. If this doesn’t happen or takes too long to happen the undersupply will continue and rents will continue to rise and the rental growth will ripple out from the inner suburbs to the CBD more quickly.
Landlords Exiting
There have been a number of landlord’s exiting the market and the fact that we are in a downturn in the property cycle exacerbates this. However Government changes such as the Inland Revenue Interpretation Statement IS10/01 which was issued in April 2010 which deemed many items previously classified and separately depreciated as items of building fit-out (eg. tiles and vinyl flooring), to be part of the building structure.
Then the 20 May 2010 budget had the removal of the tax deduction for depreciation on building structure. The New Zealand Property Investors’ Federation did a nationwide survey of its members and this reported the average depreciation lost was $46/week. My own survey of NZ Wealth Mentor property investment clients in Auckland and Auckland Property Investors’ Association (“APIA”) members indicated the figure to be higher at just over $60/week for the average Auckland property.
When combined with the latest rounds of rates increasing, insurance premiums rising, repairs and maintenance charges going up, and the GST increase on the above rising expenses (since landlords cannot charge GST as residential rentals are an exempt item under section 14(1)(c) of the GST Act), many property investors have had enough and simply exited the market. This means less supply of properties to rent.
Demand
There is a lot of demand in Auckland for housing. The 2006 census showed that there were 432,000 houses in Auckland. The Centre for Housing Research Aoteroa New Zealand (“CHRANZ”) have stated that 601,000 houses are needed by 2026. This means that 170,000 more houses needed in Auckland. This demand comes from the fact that Auckland’s population growth is the strongest in our country. Contributors to this are:
- Aucklandhas the largest natural population increase in New Zealand
- Aucklandoverwhelmingly attracts the largest pool of internal migrants in New Zealand (there is a long standing northward drift phenomenon, and a move into cities too)
- Aucklandoverwhelmingly attracts the largest pool of international migrants of all areas in New Zealand.
Location factors
The demand is the very strongest in the inner suburbs of Auckland, eg. Grey Lynn, Ponsonby, Kingsland, Mt Eden, Parnell, and also the luxurious Eastern Suburbs like Kohimarama, Orakei, and on North Shore suburbs like Milford, Takapuna and Devonport.
I was an in-studio guest on TV One’s Close Up current affairs show a couple of weeks ago and they reported nearly 100 tenants looking at a 3 bedroom property in Mt Eden. This is by no means an exceptional case, as I found out when talking with attendees of my seminar last weekend who were numbers 41, 32, 64 in line for properties in trendy and well located suburbs like Grey Lynn and Herne Bay. The NZ Herald have run a number of similar stories telling of how rents have risen $100/week in the past 12 months in some of these areas.
It is very competitive to rent in these areas right now. Prospective tenants are doing what I had to do in 2002 and 2003 and prepare a mini CV for the property manager or private landlord and nowadays it is useful to have photocopies of your identification handy, your credit file (download one free at www.mycreditfile.co.nz), prior landlord and employer’s references, such is the intense demand in these central suburbs.
This has left a number of members of APIA confused as to what rents they should be charging. One member listed a property in Papatoetoe (South Auckland) and forgot to pull off the TradeMe ad and had over 20 calls from prospective tenants and as a result are kicking themselves for not renting their place out for $30/week more.
So if I were an Auckland tenant again I would expect a rent increase shortly and budget for this, and I would also consider looking for places that can offer the security of a fixed term tenancy. I would also strongly consider home ownership opportunities as the prices are relatively stable and the outlook for the medium and long-term (not short-term) is great. My advice to fellow landlords is to charge market rents, and to be aware that they are changing. To do this watch the market rents closely and see what other accommodation providers in your suburb or area are charging for a similar property on sites like TradeMe.
* David Whitburn, Property Investor, Director of NZ Wealth Mentor and President of the Auckland Property Investors’ Association (Incorporated)
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