By Bernard Hickey
Most families encounter some moment when it's clear a particular situation is unsustainable and an intergenerational agreement has to be reached.
Often these moments are tough and the discussion within the family is difficult.
Sometimes they involve a conflict and a resolution.
Sometimes the situation is ignored and it worsens to the point the problem can never be solved without a disaster.
For example, a teenager might have to be told to shape up, get a job, grow up and leave home. A problem gambler might need to be told to stop gambling and look after their family or leave the family. Very old and sick parents might need to be told it's time to sell the house to move into a retirement home. A partner-less and pregnant
grand-daughter might have to be brought home to bring up the child with the grand parents.
It's time the New Zealand family had that difficult discussion about intergenerational wealth and debt because the current situation cannot be sustained beyond the next 20 years or so.
Somehow, the existing and looming debt burdens on the young have to be eased and older property owners have to agree to give up some of their wealth and future benefits.
The implications of not coming to some intergenerational settlement are unthinkable.
But first, for the doubters, here's why New Zealand and many other the developed, ageing and indebted economies have a looming problem.
Given our low current economic growth rates, the ageing structure ofour population and the pay-as-you go structure of our healthcare and pension system New Zealand faces a government debt blowout over the next 30-40 years of monumental proportions.
If we don't delay our retirement age, change the entitlements for pensions and healthcare, or change the structure of our tax system, our government will have to borrow massively.
Treasury has estimated with current policies and economic growth rates our national debt would rise over 200% of GDP. That is Greek level debt. The simple alternative is to tax those working after 2020 until their pips squeek. Neither option is sustainable without either a creditor revolt or a voter revolt.
The other problem is that those generations born after 1970 who are paying the bills from now onwards are graduating, training and beginning families in an uneviable position. Their unemployment rates are higher, they often have big student debts and the debt they are taking on to buy a family home is two to three times higher relative to incomes than their parents.
Looking ahead of them, these generations X and Y see not only high personal debts but high public debts they will have to service and pay off as pension and healthcare costs escalate. They rightly wonder about the fairness of a situation where the debtload is falling on their shoulders and was created by bad decisions in the past by the
generations who benefit from these 'free' health care and pension regimes and hold most of the property assets built up during the naughty oughties (2000 to 2010). Many of the youngest are revolting in the best ways they know how -- a one way ticket to Australia and/or decisions to put off or cancel having families.
These two groups somehow need to come together to hammer out an intergenerational deal that sees some of that property wealth shifted from the rich and old to the poor and young, while also reducing or sharing some of those future pension and healthcare costs.
Most of all, everyone must find a way to be more productive and boost economic growth in years to come.
There's plenty of ideas on the table, including delaying the pension age, means-testing the pension, imposing a land or capital gains tax, keeping babyboomers in the workforce for longer as mentors to the young, better educating and training the young, encouraging more saving and less consumption by the young, and improving our birth rate.
So why aren't we having this difficult conversation now?
Perhaps what is needed is a jolt to bring the old and rich to the table.
The trouble is the young and poor have little electoral or political power when the aged and rich dominate at the polling booth and in the political debate.
Perhaps the young and the poor need to make clear what happens if nothing changes. Here's a few things they could say in a letter to their parents to get the conversation started.
Dear Mum and Dad: If you don't make these changes, you'll have to watch your grandkids grow up by Skype and Facebook from overseas, or there won't be any grandkids. We'll also vote in the 2027 elections once we're in the majority to cut your pensions and make you pay for healthcare by selling your houses to us at discounted prices. We might even move back home to spend our 40s and 50s living rent-free in the villas you refuse to move out of.
If you do that we'll deliver the grandkids and promise to spend less on espresso coffee and holidays and iPads and binge drinking. We'll also buckle down and retrain to help produce the growth to soften the blow for all of us.
Time for a chat?
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